Feed Prebiotics-Xylooligosaccharides (XOS)

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Feed Prebiotics-Xylooligosaccharides (XOS)

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Production and Characterization In Vitro Study In Vivo Evaluation Mechanism Study Prebiotics Development Applications Development Workflow Why Choose Us?

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are a type of nondigestible oligosaccharides composed of 2-10 xylose monosaccharides linked by β-1,4-xylosidic bonds. These XOS are resistant to digestive enzymes in animals and are instead metabolized by probiotic microbiota. BioVenic offers a comprehensive solution for the development of XOS as prebiotics for animal feed. Our services include production and characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies, mechanism analysis, and finished product development and evaluation.

Fig. 1 Xylooligosaccharides (XOS)^1,2

Production and Characterization of XOS Prebiotics

Production of XOS Prebiotics

XOS are industrially produced from xylan-rich lignocellulosic materials using both chemical and enzymatic methods. The enzymatic approach is favored in the food industry due to its minimal occurrence of unwanted side reactions and by-products. Our focus is on enzymatic methods, which are preferred in the food industry due to their minimal side reactions. We can develop novel microbial enzymes for XOS production and explore the use of agricultural waste to enhance economic efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. Common enzymatic methods include endoxylanase-based, β-xylosidase-based, and glycosynthase-based production.

Fig. 2 Schematic representation of XOS manufacture by enzymatic method^3,4

Characterization of XOS Prebiotics

Our analysis platform offers various methods for characterizing XOS prebiotics. NMR, mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS, ESI-MS), and other techniques allow for the study of structural and functional properties of XOS, providing insights into its impact on animals.

In Vitro Study of XOS as Animal Feed Prebiotics

In Vitro Prebiotic Efficacy of XOS

By utilizing XOS as a carbon source for probiotic cultivation, we can study its in vitro prebiotic performance, including probiotic growth and production of enzymes involved in XOS degradation. Additionally, we can evaluate the antioxidant properties of XOS through tests such as DPPH and ABTS.

In Vitro Digestion of Prebiotic XOS

Our in vitro digestion models simulate various animal gastrointestinal environments, allowing researchers to investigate the resistance of XOS prebiotics to digestive enzymes and gastric acidity. This aids in developing XOS prebiotic products suitable for specific animal digestive systems.

In Vitro Fermentation of Prebiotic XOS

Through our in vitro fermentation model, researchers can study the effects of probiotic XOS on microbial populations and metabolism. By using animal feces or digesta samples as inoculums, we assess the suitability of specific XOS products for different animals.

In Vivo Evaluation of XOS in Animals

Our range of animal in vivo models assists researchers in exploring the effects and appropriate dosages of XOS and other prebiotics. Some common types of XOS animal studies include examining compatibility with other additives, modulating gut health, addressing metabolic disorders, and assessing immune function.

Mechanism Study of Feed Prebiotics XOS

We investigate the molecular mechanisms of XOS in various animal species, focusing on the fermentation results, production of short-chain fatty acids, and their impact on cellular processes. Our integrated techniques allow for in-depth exploration of XOS mechanisms.

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Animal Nutrition and Metabolism Analysis

Omics Solution in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism

Feed XOS Prebiotics Development

We develop targeted XOS prebiotic finished products based on the desired form (powder, tablet, etc.), dosage, and prebiotic effect. Additionally, we offer evaluation solutions to assess the quality and performance of finished products through in vitro and in vivo studies.

Applications of XOS as Feed Prebiotics

XOS offer benefits such as improving digestion and absorption of nutrients and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The inhibition of pathogenic bacteria occurs through the proliferation and colonization of probiotic bacteria in the intestinal epithelium and the reduction of pH through organic acid production. Table. 1 highlights the application effects of XOS in different animal feed.

Table. 1 Application effects of XOS in animal feed

Animal Types	Effects
Pigs	Reduced pathogenic bacteria (Proteobacteria and Citrobacter) and enhanced beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes and Lactobacillus); decreased level of 1,7-heptane diamine and increased concentrations of acetic acid, straight-chain fatty acids, and total SCFAs in the intestine in pigs.
Poultry	Enhanced production of SCFA through increased cecal fermentation; improved in body weight in broiler chickens. Increased villus height of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and VH/CD ratio of jejunum; enhanced nitrogen metabolism and reduced fecal ammonia release in broiler chickens.
Cattle	Dietary supplementary of XOS, exogenous enzyme (EXE) or combination of XOS and EXE contributed to the improvement of lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, and energy utilization efficiency, as well as reduction of enteric CH₄ emissions of lactating Jersey cows.
Aquaculture species	Improved growth performance and glycolipid metabolism by upregulating glucose transport, glycolysis, glycogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acids β-oxidation; downregulating gluconeogenesis and fatty acid biosynthesis in Megalobrama amblycephala. Enhanced production of glutathione-related proteins (antioxidation and detoxification effects ) in Oreochromis niloticus.
Cats	XOS could benefit feline gut health by altering microbiota; its effects dependant on the dose. The higher-dose XOS increased bacterial populations that possibly promoted intestinal fermentation, while the lower dose altered populations of carbohydrate-metabolic microbiota and possibly modulated host metabolism.

Development Workflow of Feed Prebiotics XOS

Why Choose Us?

Research Expertise

Our research team holds extensive experience in animal nutrition and prebiotic development, offering reliable solutions tailored to your research needs.

Diverse In Vivo Models

We have developed research models for various animals, enabling investigation of XOS dosage, effects, and mechanisms as prebiotics.

Integrated Research Resources

We synthesize internal and external research resources to provide you with up-to-date solutions in a one-stop research package.

BioVenic's solutions are designed to accelerate the development of XOS as prebiotics for animal feed. We incorporate advanced testing, analytical techniques, rational experimental designs, and streamlined development processes. Contact us with your research needs related to XOS production, characterization, in vivo and in vitro studies, finished product development, and evaluation. We will assess your requirements and provide timely feedback.

References

Image retrieved from Figure 15 "Xylo-oligosaccharodes" Ibrahim, 2018, used under [CC BY 4.0]. The original title was changed to "Xylooligosaccharides (XOS)".
Ibrahim, Osama O. "Functional oligosaccharides: Chemicals structure, manufacturing, health benefits, applications and regulations." J Food Chem Nanotechnol 4.4 (2018): 65-76.
Image retrieved from Figure 3 "Schematic representation of XOS manufacture by enzymatic method.", Yan et al., 2022, used under [CC BY 4.0]. Without modification.
Yan, Feng, et al. "Preparation and nutritional properties of xylooligosaccharide from agricultural and forestry byproducts: A comprehensive review." Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (2022): 977548.