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Veterinary CTLA-4 Therapeutic Antibody Development
As a classic immune checkpoint protein, CTLA-4 can be considered a target in animal therapeutics for directly targeting and eliminating malignant tumor cells in canine or feline using T cell populations. BioVenic specializes in providing development services for veterinary CTLA-4 therapeutic antibodies. We have established a diverse platform for veterinary therapeutic antibody development, utilizing the latest antibody preparation and optimization techniques, ensuring that we assist you in obtaining high-quality veterinary therapeutic antibody samples and uncovering the therapeutic potential of CTLA-4 in companion animal cancer diseases.
Background of CTLA-4
| Full Name | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 |
|---|---|
| Aliases | ALPS5, CD, CD152, CELIAC3, CTLA4, GSE, GRD4, IDDM12. |
| Target Profile | CTLA-4, a transmembrane protein part of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is found on the surface of activated T cells and is consistently expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs). It shares homology with CD28, which is a co-stimulatory molecule, but CTLA-4 falls under the category of co-inhibitory immune checkpoints. Its primary function is to deliver inhibitory signals to T cells, thereby reducing their activity and preventing them from targeting other cells, including those of tumors. |
MoA of CTLA-4
In the healthy state, Tregs express CTLA-4, which binds to CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Despite sharing a high degree of similarity with CD28, CTLA-4 functions differently. While CD28 acts as a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint, CTLA-4 serves as a co-inhibitory checkpoint. CTLA-4's greater affinity for CD80/CD86 compared to CD28 hinders the usual activation of T cells through CD28. This inhibition of CD80/CD86 ligands via internalization leads to reduced co-stimulation of T cells, thereby modulating immune responses. Within the tumor microenvironment, an increased expression of CTLA-4 is observed in Tregs, which dampens the activation and proliferation of T cells. This activity aids in sustaining an environment that suppresses immune responses, enabling tumor cells to escape detection and destruction by the immune system.
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of CTLA-4 signaling pathways.1,2
Application in Veterinary Therapeutics
CTLA-4 is an important cancer immunotherapy target in companion animals, involved in the development of various types of tumors such as canine melanoma, histiocytic sarcoma, B-cell lymphoma, as well as canine and feline mammary carcinoma. Therapeutic antibodies targeting CTLA-4 bind with high affinity to the CTLA-4 molecule, leading to the depletion or functional blockade of Tregs, thereby enhancing T cell activation and the immune response against cancer. The impact of CTLA-4 blockade can be mediated through multiple mechanisms, including preventing internalization to increase CD80/CD86 levels on APCs, direct Treg cell toxicity, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by tumor-infiltrating macrophages.
Veterinary CTLA-4 Therapeutic Antibody Development Services
Developing antibodies targeting CTLA-4 for the treatment of cancer in companion animals is currently one of the hot research directions in veterinary medicine. BioVenic offers veterinary CTLA-4 therapeutic antibody development services, covering stages from the antibody preparation using various technologies to subsequent characterization and modification. Considering the potential of CTLA-4 in combination with other immune checkpoints as therapeutic targets, BioVenic has also established a platform for the development of veterinary bispecific therapeutic antibodies, supporting your innovative endeavors.
To learn more about our CTLA-4 therapeutic antibody development services, please click the link below.
Fig.2 Antibody discovery and production methods: from mouse hybridoma to transgenic mice. (BioVenic Original)
Why Choose Us?
Various platforms for the development of veterinary therapeutic antibodies are available for your selection.
Engineering modifications, including the development of species-specific antibodies, ensure your target species antibodies have high affinity, high safety, and low immunogenicity.
Offering services in emerging technologies, such as veterinary bispecific therapeutic antibody development, aiding you in developing potentially more effective therapeutic antibodies.
As a co-inhibitory immune checkpoint, CTLA-4 is only expressed on T cells and reduces the immunity in cancer-affected animals, creating an immunosuppressive environment for tumor cells. BioVenic provides services for veterinary CTLA-4 therapeutic antibody development. With our comprehensive services, we assist you in developing high-quality antibodies to inhibit the action of CTLA-4 in companion animals like dogs and cats. Additionally, we offer development services for veterinary bispecific therapeutic antibodies, helping you explore the potential of dual-targeted therapy. If you have such needs, please contact us now!
References
- Hossen, Md Munnaf, et al., "Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases." Frontiers in immunology 14 (2023): 1198365.
- Image retrieved from Figure 1 "Signaling pathway of T-cell activation and CTLA-4 surface expression.", Hossen, Md Munnaf, et al., 2023, used under [CC BY 4.0], the image title was changed to "Schematic diagram of CTLA-4 signaling pathways."