Veterinary Vaccine In Vivo Efficacy and Potency Assays

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Veterinary Vaccine In Vivo Efficacy and Potency Assays

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Vaccine efficacy refers to the ability of a vaccine in practical application, whereas vaccine potency denotes the activity or effectiveness of the vaccine's components. BioVenic offers in vivo efficacy and potency assays for veterinary vaccine development. We administer the veterinary vaccine to experimental animals such as dogs, cats, chickens, ducks, pigs, cows, and sheep provided by BioVenic, and subsequently monitor their immune response to specific pathogens, as well as the protective effects.

Our Services

Challenge Studies

The fundamental approach to evaluating the efficacy of veterinary vaccines is the challenge study. BioVenic offers a full suite of services to conduct animal challenge studies and complete follow-up observations and evaluations.

High-quality susceptible animals and various experimental types tailored to your vaccine's needs.
Expert personnel administer your laboratory products to a set number of animals.
After a specified period, both immunized and control animals are challenged with virulent strains.

Observation and Evaluation	Observe morbidity and mortality rates. Collect data on both immunized and control groups. Evaluate the vaccine's efficacy based on observed results.
Histopathology Examination	Pathological necropsies and histopathological examinations at the end of the observation period. Pathogen isolation services to assess vaccine efficacy. Evaluation based on observed pathological changes, histopathological lesions, and pathogen isolation results in both immunized and control animals.

PD₅₀ Test

The PD₅₀, or the vaccine dose safeguarding 50% of vaccinated animals from the virulent strain, serves as a crucial metric for evaluating veterinary vaccine efficacy. BioVenic offers a full range of services to determine PD₅₀. Our expert team dilutes your vaccine samples into multiple doses (typically a full, a quarter, and a 16th dose) and administers them to target animals. After allowing time for immunity development, both vaccinated and control groups face a dose of virulent virus. Subsequently, statistical methods are employed to calculate the immunizing dose (PD₅₀) that can protect 50% of the animals.

LD₅₀ Test

LD₅₀, representing the amount of pathogenic agents needed to cause a 50% mortality rate in infected animals, is a key parameter in assessing vaccine tolerance. BioVenic provides LD₅₀ determination services. Animals are divided into control and immunized groups, each subdivided equally. The immunized group receives the veterinary vaccine, and both groups are challenged with pathogenic agents at various dilutions. Post-challenge, BioVenic records morbidity, mortality, lesion, or infection rates in both groups, calculating LD₅₀ values. This data aids in comparing the tolerance of veterinary vaccine samples to virulent challenges at different dosages.

Serological Assessment

Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT)

BioVenic offers the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) as a reliable method for evaluating the efficacy of veterinary vaccines. PRNT results provide valuable information on the ability of a vaccine to neutralize viruses, which can help in veterinary vaccine development.

A viral suspension at a specified concentration is mixed with serum from animals vaccinated with different dilutions of the vaccine.

The mixtures are separately inoculated into host cells for cultivation.

The virus infects the cells, leading to replication and the formation of viral plaques.

After a designated period, the concentration of virus-neutralizing antibodies is estimated by counting the plaque-forming units.

The titer of neutralizing antibodies is determined, representing the amount of antibody required to neutralize the virus and reduce its ability to infect cells.

Hemagglutination Assay and Hemagglutination Inhibition Assays

For certain specific viruses, such as influenza viruses, the viral surface contains hemagglutinins that can induce agglutination of red blood cells in certain animals, a phenomenon known as hemagglutination. BioVenic offers hemagglutination assays and hemagglutination inhibition assay services.

Hemagglutination Assay	Determines the hemagglutination titer, expressed in Hemagglutination Units (HAU). Identifies the highest dilution of antigen causing 100% agglutination of red blood cell suspension.
Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay	Serum samples from animals vaccinated with your veterinary vaccine are collected. Test serum, 4 HAU hemagglutinin, and red blood cell suspension are added to the hemagglutination plate, along with control samples. After incubation, the reaction mixture is observed for red blood cell agglutination.
Result Interpretation	High antibody levels lead to hemagglutination inhibition, indicating neutralization of the virus. Low antibody levels result in no inhibition.
Titer Determination	The highest dilution that completely inhibits red blood cell agglutination is determined as the hemagglutination inhibition titer for the serum.

Fig.1 Hemagglutination assay. ¹

Veterinary Vaccine In Vitro Efficacy and Potency Assays

The testing necessary to ensure the efficacy and safety of veterinary vaccines can involve large numbers of animals as well as more significant pain and suffering. BioVenic offers veterinary vaccine in vitro efficacy and potency assays as an alternative method of testing the efficacy of candidate veterinary vaccines.

Why Choose Us?

We are here to guide you to appropriate vaccination routes and suggest suitable animal models such as dogs, cats, chickens, ducks, pigs, cows, and sheep, tailored to specific veterinary vaccine types.
Our testing services are designed for precision and consistency, ensuring the reliability of test results.
Delivering standardized veterinary vaccine efficacy and potency assay outcomes that meet compliance requirements.

BioVenic's in vivo efficacy and potency assay services for veterinary vaccines are customized to align with your project's unique needs and specific characteristics. When you choose us, you gain access to trustworthy data and expert guidance, propelling your veterinary vaccine development forward. Contact us today and take the next step towards your vaccine's success!

Reference

From Elsevier:
https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/3-s2.0-B9780128008386000047-f04-07-9780128008386.jpg