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Veterinary EP4 Therapeutic Antibody Development
In many animal cancers, the expression of EP4 is associated with the occurrence of malignant tumors and poor prognosis. Recently, veterinary therapeutic antibodies, as an emerging field in veterinary medicine, have garnered considerable attention. BioVenic has established a platform for the development of veterinary EP4 therapeutic antibodies. Relying on a wealth of antibody development technologies and a variety of supporting services, we assist you in developing high-quality veterinary EP4 therapeutic antibodies, harnessing the therapeutic potential of this target in afflicted companion animals.
Background of EP4
| Full Name | Prostaglandin E receptor 4 |
|---|---|
| Aliases | EP4R, PTGER4. |
| Target Profile | The protein encoded by the EP4 gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family and is one of the four receptors for Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is expressed in multiple tissues within the animal body. EP4 can activate cytokine signaling in T cells. Its ligand PGE2 has an activating effect on lymphocytes, inducing the activation of pro-inflammatory T helper cell subsets through the EP4 receptor. |
MoA of EP4
PGE2 can act on its EP receptors, inducing a PGE2 signaling cascade that leads to changes in intracellular calcium, cAMP, and some inflammatory factors. EP4 is the most widely expressed PGE2 receptor in the body. When PGE2 activates the EP4 receptor, the Gα subunit dissociates from the receptor and Gβγ, activating Gsα, which produces cAMP and activates two main target molecules, PKA and EPAC. EP4 also stimulates a cAMP-independent signaling pathway. This is achieved through activation of the GRK/β-arrestin/Src/PI3K/GSK3 pathway, leading to nuclear translocation of β-catenin. In the tumor environment, abnormally elevated expression of EP4 has been characterized as a pro-tumoral mediator in various cancers, promoting tumor migration and metastasis by activating downstream pathways. Simultaneously, as a Gsα receptor, EP4 is closely associated with the expression of Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), a key mediator in creating an immunosuppressive environment for tumor growth.
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of EP4 pathways.1
Application in Veterinary Therapeutics
The expression of COX-2 is upregulated in various types of canine tumors. As a downstream effector of COX-2, EP4 expression has also been confirmed in canine cancers, such as osteosarcoma (OSA), apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and urothelial carcinoma (UC). It is reasonably speculated that EP4 expression may play a role in the development and progression of common canine cancers, including various solid tumor types and potential T-cell hematologic malignancies. Therefore, blocking the expression of EP4 could offer therapeutic advantages in tumor treatment. Considering EP4's role in regulating inflammatory factors in the animal body, EP4 therapeutic antibodies may also be considered for alleviating pain and inflammation, such as in canine and feline osteoarthritis.
Veterinary EP4 Therapeutic Antibody Development Services
The abnormal activation of EP4 is often closely associated with the occurrence and progression of animal cancers. Recognizing this, BioVenic offers comprehensive veterinary EP4 therapeutic antibody development services. Our services not only encompass a variety of antibody preparation methods such as hybridoma technology, single B-cell technology, and phage display techniques but also include specialized antibody engineering processes, like affinity maturation and the development of species-specific antibodies. Additionally, we provide development services for veterinary bispecific therapeutic antibodies, aiding in the research and development of veterinary therapeutic antibodies that simultaneously target EP4 and other relevant markers.
To learn more about our veterinary EP4 therapeutic antibody development services, please click the link below.
Why Choose Us?
BioVenic offers a one-stop service from gene synthesis to the preparation and identification of veterinary therapeutic antibodies, providing you with a seamless experience.
Comprehensive and diverse characterization methods, along with advanced equipment, allow us to control the structure, purity, activity, and impurities of veterinary therapeutic antibody samples.
We have established a platform for species-specific antibody development, offering services for caninization/felinization of antibodies or the development of fully canine/feline antibodies, reducing the immunogenic impact of heterologous antibody components.
In the tumor microenvironment of companion animals, the mechanism of action of EP4 differs from the norm, with its expression potentially increasing and the interaction with PGE2 promoting the proliferation, survival, and invasion of cancer cells. Therefore, inhibiting the expression of EP4 holds potential in cancer treatment. BioVenic provides veterinary EP4 therapeutic antibody development services, supporting the research in using EP4 as a therapeutic target for companion animal cancers and other diseases. If you have the need for our services, please do not hesitate to contact us now!
References
- Yokoyama, Utako, et al. "The prostanoid EP4 receptor and its signaling pathway." Pharmacological reviews 65.3 (2013): 1010-1052.
- Musser, Margaret L., et al. "Prostaglandin EP4 receptor mRNA expression in canine lymphoma." Veterinary and Comparative Oncology 20.1 (2022): 127-133.