Feed Zearalenone Solution

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Feed Zearalenone Solution

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Sources of Zearalenone Derivatives of Zearalenone Impacts of Zearalenone Feed Zearalenone Solutions Service Workflow Why Choose Us?

Concerns arise when utilizing grain ingredients in livestock and poultry diets due to potential mycotoxin contamination, notably zearalenone, which exhibits estrogenic activity. The variance in estrogenic activity among different forms of modified zearalenone is significant. BioVenic introduces the Feed Zearalenone Solution, offering a diverse array of assays and assay development services for zearalenone and its derivatives. Through our comprehensive animal and metabolite testing platform, we assist animal nutrition researchers in devising novel feed additives and biological processes to mitigate zearalenone's adverse effects on animal health.

Sources of Zearalenone

Zearalenone, also known as ZEA or ZEN, is primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, notably species like F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. equiseti, F. crookwellense, F. semitectum, F. verticillioides, F. sporotrichioides, F. oxysporum, and F. acuminatum. This mycotoxin is frequently detected in various cereals such as wheat, barley, maize, sorghum, rye, rice, corn silage, sesame seed, hay, flour, malt, soybeans, beer, and corn oil. It was isolated, for the first time (as F-2), from maize inoculated with Fusarium.

Derivatives of Zearalenone

Zearalenone can be modified by phase I and phase II metabolism in plants, fungi and animals. Modified forms of zearalenone found in feed include the phase I metabolites α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, zearalanone, and phase II conjugates. These compounds belong to the group of resorcyclic acid lactones. The chemical structures of zearalenone and its derivatives are shown in the following figure: a) zearalenone (ZEA), b) α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), c) β-zearalenol (β-ZOL), d) zearalanone (ZAN), e) α-zearalanol (αZAL), f) β-zearalanol (β-ZAL).

Fig. 1 Chemical structures of zearalenone and its derivatives¹

Impacts of Zearalenone on Animals

Zearalenone has been linked to hyperestrogenism and various reproductive disorders in cattle, swine, and poultry, with pigs being the most susceptible species. The following are some of the effects of zearalenone on animals:

Table. 1 Impacts of zearalenone on animals

Animal Type	Effects
Pigs	The specific effects depend on the zearalenone dosage and the stage of the estrous cycle or pregnancy when consumed. The estrogenic syndrome in swine primarily affects the reproductive tract and mammary gland. In young gilts sensitive to zearalenone, doses of 1-5 ppm can lead to clinical signs like hyperemia, edematous vulva swelling, vaginal or rectal prolapse.
Sheep	Prolonged exposure to high levels of zearalenone in the diet may negatively impact sheep's reproductive performance by reducing fertility and ovulation rates.
Goat	Zearalenone triggers oxidative stress and autophagy in goat Sertoli cells.
Cattle	Manifestations include reduced fertility, abnormal estrus cycles, swollen vulvas, vaginitis, decreased milk production, and mammary gland enlargement.
Horse	Mares may exhibit symptoms such as edematous vulvas, prolapsed vaginas, oversized uteri, and internal hemorrhage. Male horses may experience severe flaccidity of the genitalia. Ill horses might suffer from respiratory failure, blindness, and eventual death.
Poultry	Zearalenone demonstrates low reproductive toxicity in poultry. Disruption of the estrogen balance can harm various tissues and cells in poultry, including the uterus, breast, liver, and immune cells regulated by estrogen.
Dogs	Exposure to zearalenone can alter the metabolic profile of the reproductive system in dogs, leading to adverse reproductive outcomes such as follicular atresia.

Feed Zearalenone Solutions

At BioVenic, we present all-inclusive solutions tailored for addressing zearalenone and its metabolites, encompassing zearalenone analysis solutions, aiding in the formulation of animal feed additives and biological methodologies to alleviate zearalenone's detrimental impacts, along with conducting animal experiments pertinent to zearalenone.

Zearalenone Analysis Solutions

Our array of feed mycotoxin analysis techniques facilitates the detection and quantification of zearalenone and its derivatives across diverse sample types like feed samples, animal bodily fluids, and tissues. These methodologies are instrumental in exploring the toxicokinetics of zearalenone in various animal species. Commonly employed analytical methods for examining zearalenone and its associated metabolites comprise LC-MS/MS, LC-FLD, and LC-UV. Additionally, we offer quick immunoassays like ELISA and LFD testing tailored for zearalenone and its derivatives. Moreover, our services extend to developing innovative assays specific to zearalenone and its derivatives.

Feed Additive Development for Zearalenone

Our solutions for feed additive development facilitate the assessment of feed additive's efficacy in diminishing zearalenone's adversities on animals, furnishing scientific validation regarding the efficiency and safety of such additives. Promising feed additives designed to counter zearalenone include zearalenone-degrading enzymes, probiotics, and other innovative solutions.

Development of Biological Detoxification for Zearalenone in Animal Feed

Certain microorganisms (such as Streptomyces rimosus, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and enzymes (like zearalenone hydrolase) have the capability to transform zearalenone into alternative forms utilizing biological mechanisms. The effectiveness of this degradation process may rely on factors such as the zearalenone type and concentration, the characteristics of the microbial strains and enzymes involved, and the prevailing environmental conditions. We offer comprehensive solutions for developing these biological detoxification methods, encompassing end-to-end technical services and product offerings.

Animal Research Solutions for Zearalenone

Within animals, zearalenone undergoes a series of intricate metabolic transformations. Our diverse in vitro and in vivo animal models, inclusive of an extensive range of animal species, enable us to scrutinize the metabolism of zearalenone across different animals. Through these animal studies, we can assess the efficiency of feed additives or biological interventions in mitigating the adverse impacts of zearalenone on animals.

For more information about our animal research solutions, please visit the following links.

Animal Nutrition and Metabolism Analysis

Omics Solution in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism

Service Workflow of Feed Zearalenone Solution

Why Choose Us?

We provide a wide range of rapid and accurate feed mycotoxin assays for both qualitative and quantitative detection of zearalenone and its derivatives.

Our selection of in vivo and in vitro animal models includes livestock, poultry, and companion animals, allowing for thorough evaluation of the safety and efficacy of zearalenone detoxification feed additives or biological processes.

Our omics research platform supports studies in animal microbiomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and more. This helps animal nutrition researchers develop comprehensive feed zearalenone solutions.

Zearalenone and its derivatives are structurally akin to endogenous estrogens, enabling them to specifically bind to estrogen receptors. This can induce various reproductive toxicities and teratogenic effects. BioVenic's solution aims to develop feed additives or biological processes that mitigate the impact of zearalenone on animal health. This is achieved using feed zearalenone analysis technology, animal studies, and metabolite analysis. If you are interested in our Feed Zearalenone Solution, please contact us with your research plan. We are committed to providing you with timely and valuable feedback.

Reference

Minervini, Fiorenza, and Maria Elena Dell'Aquila. "Zearalenone and reproductive function in farm animals." International journal of molecular sciences 9.12 (2008): 2570-2584.